{"id":5501,"date":"2020-07-14T14:05:08","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T07:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/?post_type=knowledge&p=5501"},"modified":"2025-06-05T10:17:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T03:17:14","slug":"artificial-intelligence-machine-learning","status":"publish","type":"knowledge","link":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/vi\/knowledge\/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t AI, Machine Learning v\u00e0 Deep Learning: B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang ch\u01b0a?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI), H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (Machine Learning) v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (Deep Learning)<\/strong> l\u00e0 ba kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, AI l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/strong>, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Machine Learning l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a AI<\/strong>, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n Deep Learning l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Machine Learning<\/strong>, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/em><\/p>\n

1. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI)<\/h2>\n
\"Artificial

AI technology – source: CRN<\/p><\/div>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Dartmouth n\u0103m 1956.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, AI th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb GPU \u2013 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, AI c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (Big Data) bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, giao d\u1ecbch,…<\/p>\n

AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, AI l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, AI x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a AI, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n AI h\u1eb9p (Narrow AI)<\/strong> v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra Turing.<\/p>\n

2. H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (Machine Learning) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
\"What

Machine learning technology – Source: Becominghuman<\/p><\/div>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a AI, h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, AI s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u2013 b\u1edfi h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e8o trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Cung c\u1ea5p cho AI m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e8o nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u l\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc,… \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cm\u00e8o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 AI ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Khi AI \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00e8o trong \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 95%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a AI cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    3. H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (Deep Learning)<\/h3>\n
    \"Machine

    Deep learning – Source: Hackernoon<\/p><\/div>\n

    H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron s\u00e2u (deep neural networks) gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong> nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e8o \u1edf tr\u00ean. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e8o, h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 sau<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u00e8o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u2013 t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e8o \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4<\/strong>, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n<\/strong> h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn \u0111ang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n