{"id":7331,"date":"2022-09-23T15:14:54","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T08:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/?post_type=knowledge&p=7331"},"modified":"2023-04-12T11:10:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T04:10:49","slug":"how-does-blockchain-work","status":"publish","type":"knowledge","link":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/vi\/knowledge\/how-does-blockchain-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch bitcoin. Khi blockchain ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u201cBlockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u1eafc m\u1eafc cho b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

I. Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai t\u1eeb \u201cblock\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cchain\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ed7i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 blockchain. Theo IBM (T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia), Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kinh doanh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: operavps.com<\/p><\/div>\n

II. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a blockchain<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i block bao g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/em> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Hash (m\u00e3 b\u0103m) c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/em> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng cho m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hash duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Hash (m\u00e3 b\u0103m) c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/em> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hash gi\u00fap c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i. Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    III. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain<\/b><\/h2>\n

    1. M\u1ea1ng blockchain c\u00f4ng khai<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Blockchain n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ai. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 internet \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng blockchain c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bitcoin, Ethereum l\u00e0 2 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 blockchain c\u00f4ng khai.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"Bitcoin

    Bitcoin v\u00e0 Ethereum – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: todayscrypto.news<\/p><\/div>\n

    2. M\u1ea1ng blockchain ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng blockchain ri\u00eang t\u01b0, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c blockchain ri\u00eang t\u01b0, c\u00e1c blockchain n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. M\u1ea1ng blockchain h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng blockchain c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng blockchain ri\u00eang t\u01b0. <\/span>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong blockchain v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai.<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. M\u1ea1ng blockchain li\u00ean h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng blockchain h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, m\u1ea1ng blockchain li\u00ean h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i blockchain n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: techbullion.com<\/p><\/div>\n

    IV. Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h2>\n

    C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. Ghi l\u1ea1i giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch. <\/span>Giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Blockchain kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung, giao d\u1ecbch n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ngang h\u00e0ng phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng blockchain b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh. Giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat x\u00e1c minh. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i. <\/span>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t timestamp (d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ID duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"How

    Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 200lab.io<\/p><\/div>\n

    Kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 (cryptographic-hashing). V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. Chia s\u1ebb s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u201cBlockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 blockchain c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":7334,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[9290,9295],"blog-cat":[2074],"class_list":["post-7331","knowledge","type-knowledge","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-blockchain-technology","tag-cryptocurrency","blog-cat-blockchain"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBlockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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