{"id":7343,"date":"2022-09-24T10:05:03","date_gmt":"2022-09-24T03:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/?post_type=knowledge&#038;p=7343"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:28:45","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T03:28:45","slug":"overview-of-blockchain-technology","status":"publish","type":"knowledge","link":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/vi\/knowledge\/overview-of-blockchain-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>I. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, phi t\u1eadp trung, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>II. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Phi t\u1eadp trung<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 phi t\u1eadp trung, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0o. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat (node). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ngang h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7346\" style=\"width: 860px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7346\" class=\"wp-image-7346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bap-software.net\/2022\/09\/blockchain-technology.jpg\" alt=\"Features of blockchain technology\" width=\"850\" height=\"478\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain &#8211; H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: saraftechblog.com<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau m\u1ed7i 10 ph\u00fat. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c n\u00fat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn. M\u1ecdi blockchain \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1edd m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi trong blockchain \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ri\u00eang. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng blockchain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>III. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_7344\" style=\"width: 860px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7344\" class=\"wp-image-7344 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bap-software.net\/2022\/09\/Blockchain-core-components.jpg\" alt=\"The main components of blockchain\" width=\"850\" height=\"425\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7344\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a blockchain &#8211; H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: codeforgeek.com<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><strong>1. S\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng chung trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t blockchain, ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1y khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. M\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai l\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f9ng chung, c\u00f2n kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7347\" style=\"width: 860px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7347\" class=\"wp-image-7347 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bap-software.net\/2022\/09\/private-key-public-key-in-blockchain.png\" alt=\"Public key and private key in blockchain\" width=\"850\" height=\"444\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7347\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong blockchain &#8211; H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: blogtienao.com<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><b>IV. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a blockchain<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1edd m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao c\u1ee7a blockchain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nhanh h\u01a1n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian (l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba) v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0 blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>V. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 blockchain c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991, khi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi Stuart Haber v\u00e0 Wakefield Scott Stornetta. \u0110\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7345\" style=\"width: 860px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7345\" class=\"wp-image-7345 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bap-software.net\/2022\/09\/Blockchain-Development.jpg\" alt=\"Development stages of Blockchain\" width=\"850\" height=\"421\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a blockchain &#8211; H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: the-tech-trend.com<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 &#8211; Ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1: Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 &#8211; H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh: V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, blockchain \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 &#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng blockchain s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. Hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n blockchain hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng blockchain trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/vi\/knowledge\/how-does-blockchain-work\/\">c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a blockchain<\/a> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":7345,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[],"blog-cat":[2074],"class_list":["post-7343","knowledge","type-knowledge","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog-cat-blockchain"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, phi t\u1eadp trung, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. 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