{"id":7384,"date":"2022-10-13T10:38:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-13T03:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/?post_type=knowledge&p=7384"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:15:23","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T03:15:23","slug":"what-are-smart-contracts-on-the-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"knowledge","link":"https:\/\/bap-software.net\/vi\/knowledge\/what-are-smart-contracts-on-the-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"Smart contract trong blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, giao d\u1ecbch ngang h\u00e0ng,… V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a blockchain, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng smart contract. V\u1eady smart contract l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

I. Smart contract l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Smart contract (H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. N\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994 b\u1edfi Nick Szabo – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m b\u1edfi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/h3>\n

Nick Szabo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh blockchain<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: moralist.io<\/p><\/div>\n

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t blockchain, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong blockchain d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 blockchain<\/span> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

II. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/h2>\n

1. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • An to\u00e0n: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n cao.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m: <\/span>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n do lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chi ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c trung gian.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Thi\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: <\/span>L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cblockchain\u201d, \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \"\"

      \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: blog.ipleaders.in<\/p><\/div>\n

      III. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u201cwhen\u2026 then\u2026\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a blockchain. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 tr\u00ean blockchain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean blockchain. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c m\u00e3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong blockchain v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi giao d\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"

      C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: blockchainsentry.com<\/p><\/div>\n

      IV. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/b><\/h2>\n

      1. T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung (DeFi)\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: cho vay, \u0111i vay, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e1i sinh,… m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

      2. NFT (Non-fungible token – T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c NFT b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NFT.<\/span><\/p>\n

      3. Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      V\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"

      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh – Image: defipedia.com<\/p><\/div>\n

      4. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, \u0110\u1ecba \u1ed1c,… Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Smart contract blockchain. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":7388,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[9300,9290],"blog-cat":[2074],"class_list":["post-7384","knowledge","type-knowledge","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-smart-contract","tag-blockchain-technology","blog-cat-blockchain"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSmart contract trong blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Smart contract (H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. 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