Knowledge

An introduction to Quantum Computing Quantum computing is an emerging field of advanced computer science that exploits the unique properties of quantum mechanics to solve problems that are beyond the capabilities of even the most powerful classical supercomputer. The field of quantum computing encompasses...

A QA Tester is responsible for meticulously testing and evaluating software applications to identify issues, defects, or potential inconsistencies that may affect the end user’s experience. Additionally, QA Testers work closely with software developers, project managers, and other stakeholders throughout the development lifecycle. A...

Virtual Reality (VR) technology is increasingly being adopted by businesses, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. By 2025, the global VR market is projected to exceed USD 15 billion. As remote work becomes a trend, building an internal VR meeting system helps businesses enhance the...

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have become one of the most popular items in the cryptocurrency market in recent years. Whether you are an innovator or just curious about this new world, there is no doubt that the NFT can be a great asset that you...

The Waterfall software model was first introduced in 1970 by Winston Royce. The Waterfall model consists of simple and separate stages, so Waterfall used to be very popular. In spite of the fact that this model has been replaced by others, it still follows...

In October 2021, the phrase “Metaverse” became a hot keyword and was of intense interest. The origin is from the event that Mark Zuckerberg changed the name of Facebook company to Meta (derived from Metaverse). I. So what is Metaverse? Metaverse is a combination...

I. What is “SaaS”? “SaaS” stands for Software as a Service. It refers to the use of applications in the form of cloud services. Based on cloud technology, SaaS is a service that provides software to end-users via the Internet. Traditionally, in order to...

In the era of data explosion, manufacturing enterprises and smart cities require data processing solutions that are faster, more secure, and more accurate than ever before. Edge Computing—data processing at the source—combined with Digital Twin—a digital model that simulates real-world systems—is emerging as a...

Under the continuous development of technology and technical science today, software development is a very necessary activity, bringing many benefits to businesses as well as improving people’s lives. So what is software development? What are the stages of software development? This article will help...

Sorry, this entry is only available in 日本語. 前回の記事で ブロックチェーン はネットワークにいる全員で台帳を共有していると言いましたね。 参考：中学生でもわかる！ブロックチェーンの仕組み それでは「悪い人が誰かの台帳にアクセスして書き換えることができるのでは？」と疑問に思う方もいるでしょう。もちろん ブロックチェーン にはデータの不正利用を防ぐ仕組みがあります。今回は不正を防ぐための３つの暗号技術について初心者にも分かりやすく説明します。 １．特定の人にしか見られないようにする暗号技術：公開鍵暗号化方式  ブロックチェーン に用いられる１つ目の暗号技術は公開鍵暗号化方式です。この技術によって、データを盗み見られたり、書き換えられたりすることを防いでいます。鍵による暗号化は共通鍵と公開鍵があります。 ブロックチェーン に用いられている公開鍵暗号化方式をより理解するために、まずは従来の方式である共通鍵暗号化について説明します。 共通鍵暗号化方式は二人が共通の鍵を持っていて、データを暗号化、復号化する方法です。これは、データを送りたい相手に事前に共通鍵を渡しておく必要があるのですが、どうやって共通鍵を渡すかが難しい点です。 情報が漏洩しやすいインターネット上で共通鍵を渡すことは危険であるため、厳重に管理されたルートで相手に渡す必要があります。また、第三者に共通鍵が流出した場合、簡単にデータを開封されてしまいます。このような鍵配送問題を解決したのが公開鍵暗号化方式です。 公開鍵暗号化方式の最大の特徴は暗号化するための鍵と復号化するための鍵が異なるということです。受信者はあらかじめ暗号化用の鍵を送信者に渡しておきます（相手に渡すため公開鍵と言われています）。 そして、暗号化された情報を復号化するための鍵は自分だけが持っておきます（自分だけが持っておくので秘密鍵と言われています）。 そして、送信者は事前に渡された公開鍵でデータを暗号化しておくります。この場合、もしデータが盗まれたとしても秘密鍵がなければ第三者は暗号文を読みとくことができません。 このデータを読むことが出来るのは秘密鍵を持っている受信者のみです。公開鍵暗号化方式は共通鍵暗号化方式の鍵配送問題を解決した暗号方式であり、情報漏洩を防ぐことができます。 しかし、注意すべき点は秘密鍵の管理です。秘密鍵が流出すると情報を盗まれる可能性があるため、秘密鍵の管理は慎重に行う必要があります。 ２．本人を証明するためのしくみ：電子署名 ブロックチェーンに用いられる２つ目の暗号技術は電子署名です。これは紙の文書におけるサインの役割を果たすもので、ネット上のなりすまし対策のために作られました。 電子署名は上記で説明した秘密鍵と公開鍵を利用していますが、注意すべき点は、電子署名と公開鍵暗号方式では鍵の役割が違うことです。 ＜公開鍵暗号方式＞ 秘密鍵：暗号文を復号化する。開鍵：平文を暗号化する ＜電子署名＞ 秘密鍵：平文に署名をする　公開鍵：署名が正しいか検証する では、電子署名は具体的にどのようにして行われるのでしょうか？メールを例にして説明します。 まず、一郎さんはまい子さんにメールを送るとき、通常のメッセージ（平文）と同時に、秘密鍵によって暗号化したメッセージ（暗号文）も同時に送ります。この過程で、送信するデータを秘密鍵を用いて暗号化することを電子署名といいます。 暗号化されたメッセージを受け取ったまい子さんは、誰の公開鍵で読めるか試してみます。すると、太郎さんの公開鍵で暗号文を読むことができました。さらに、解いた暗号文と平文を比べると一致していました。 こうして、確かに一郎さん本人からのメールだということが分かりました。このように、電子署名を用いると本人が送ったことを証明することができます。 ３．データを瞬時に照合できるしくみ：ハッシュ関数 ブロックチェーンに用いられる３つ目の暗号技術はハッシュ関数です。ハッシュ関数とは、どんな値を入力しても２５６ビットの長さの文字列が出てくる関数のことです。 どんなに長いまたは短い文字列を入力しても、一定の長さのハッシュ値が出てきます。また、入力値が一文字違うだけで、全く異なる文字列がでてきます。 ハッシュ関数の重要な特徴は一方向性です。データをハッシュ化するのは簡単ですが、ハッシュ化された結果から元のデータを推測することは不可能となっています。では、ハッシュ関数はどのように活用されているのでしょうか？ 例えば、オンラインで音楽ファイルなどのデータをダウンロードするときにハッシュ関数が役に立ちます。ダウンロード中にデータが破損する可能性がありますが、ダウンロード後に膨大なデータを隅々までチェックして破損しているかどうか調べるのは大変な作業です。 その際、ダウンロードしたデータのハッシュ値と、ダウンロード元のサイトに載っているハッシュ値を比較します。比較した結果、２つのハッシュ値が一致していれば、正常にダウンロードされたことが確認できます。...

IoT devices (Internet of Things) are reshaping how humans interact with the physical world. This article will help you understand what IoT Devices are, their practical applications, and the development trends of IoT devices in 2025 – along with the outstanding role of BAP...

The video game industry has been growing steadily in recent years. Millions of gamers are participating in NFT games and the Play to earn mechanism has attracted them to stick with the game more. If you are a newbie and want to learn about...

Are you looking for accurate information but feel overwhelmed by the huge amount of knowledge on the internet? ChatGPT Prompt is the perfect solution. Here is how to use ChatGPT Prompt to quickly and effectively access the information you need. 1/ What is ChatGPT...

In 2026, AIOps and advanced operational technologies are reshaping how enterprises manage their IT systems. From cloud operations and zero-downtime maintenance to the convergence of DevOps and O&M, everything is moving toward one shared goal: optimize efficiency – reduce costs – enhance security. Let’s...

The cryptocurrency market has been on the rise in recent years and attracts a lot of investors. The term crypto has become popular but not everyone understands “What is Crypto?”. If you are a newbie and want to learn about crypto. This article is...

As technology develops more and more, everyone comes across different types of software that help automate tasks and increase efficiency. In particular, the success of a business model also depends on choosing the right application software. So what is application software, and what types...

Logistics 4.0 is revolutionizing the way we manage supply chains, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a key role in this transformation. AI not only helps reduce costs but also increases flexibility and efficiency, thereby enhancing competitiveness and the ability to respond quickly to market...

Salesforce is the leading name when it comes to customer relationship management solutions. Each CRM software has its characteristics. So what are the outstanding features of Salesforce that make the difference and the choice of so many businesses? Let’s find out through the following...

Blockchain is a buzzword that seems to pop up on a lot of topics about the future of technology. While the applications for this technology seem endless, not many people are entirely sure what blockchain is. In this article, we will introduce an overview...

Automation technology is a phrase that is mentioned a lot in the field of industry, production, and distribution of goods today. Automation was born to help enterprises optimize production processes, reduce costs and increase profits. So what is automation technology? What are the advantages...

While Narrow AI has become common in everyday life, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) represents the pinnacle that the tech world is striving to achieve. AGI refers to machines that not only perform programmed tasks but also possess the ability to think, learn, and adapt...

AI Governance — or the governance of AI — is essentially the “rulebook” that enables enterprises to leverage AI safely, transparently, and effectively. I. Context & Challenges: Why AI Governance Becomes Mandatory in 2025 In 2025, AI is no longer an experimental technology. It...

ChatGPT is an advanced Generative AI model developed by OpenAI, capable of understanding and generating human-like text. Built upon the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) architecture, ChatGPT is revolutionizing how people interact with computers—supporting everything from office productivity and content creation to customer service and...

Today’s IT systems are under increasing pressure from complex and constantly evolving cybersecurity threats. A single minor vulnerability can become the root cause of operational disruption, financial loss, and serious damage to a company’s reputation. Therefore, System Security Maintenance is no longer merely a...

Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development system and tool library created by Sun Microsystems for software creators using the Java programming language. Java is one of the most popular programming languages used in today’s software development environment. Developers often use the Java...

Multisig brings various benefits of security for transactions in the virtual currency market, but many people don’t know much about this platform. So, in this article, we will introduce and explain for you about Multisig’s information, pros and cons, its mechanism, and some exchanges...

Leading the technology race in the current 4.0 era is IoT or Internet of Things. This definition is gradually becoming familiar in life and business, it is widely applied and its benefits have been clearly demonstrated. In the article below, the author will provide...

What is mobile wallet? You don’t have information about it yet, basically because it is quiet new concept for you. In this article, we will explain about from the concept to how it works, and some famous mobile wallets for you. 1. What is...

The world is always moving and so are the financial markets. There are always trends appearing, attracting the attention of investors. DeFi is one of the prominent trends from 2020, especially in the crypto world. Until now, its heat has cooled down, but its...

When it comes to Web app or mobile application development, developers cannot ignore the Real-time updating aspect. This element uses time data to provide users with useful information, supporting users during remote work and other social activities. Real-time updating helps users update news and...