Top Big Data technologies you need to know
Continuing the knowledge on “What is Big Data?“, this article will reveal some of the top technologies for big...
Knowledge
At BAP, we always learn, update and share offshoring knowledge as well as innovative technology.
Software developmentBlockchain technologyAIGAMECryptocurrencyOffshore developmentSalesforceNFTSAPAI technologyOffshoreOffshore servicesSmart contractCRMMetaverseビッグデータSaaSTest AutomationSoftware TestingAI servicesERPInformation technologyOutsourcingIT outsourcingSAP S/4HANAJavaSmartphone AppVR applicationsQA/QC
Super Apps: Trend of developing multi-function integrated applications
About Super Apps Super apps are mobile applications that integrate multiple services in one platform, allowing users to perform...
What is SAP? Why should you use SAP services at BAP Software?
SAP is one of the management software widely applied in large enterprises. Among the factors that contribute to an enterprise’s success is SAP. So, what is SAP? Why should businesses use SAP services at BAP Software? Get the details right through the following article...
Introducing BAP Office and Software Development in Ho Chi Minh City
1/ Overview of the software development in Ho Chi Minh City When mentioning Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), people often immediately think of the key economic center of the country, a place of constant innovation and development. In that overall picture, the software development...
Digital Twin Implementation Services – Practical Case Studies from BAP Software
Digital Twin technology is becoming a strategic tool that enables businesses to simulate, monitor, and optimize operational processes in real time. However, successfully implementing a Digital Twin requires more than just technology—it demands deep industry expertise and strong system integration capabilities. This article will...
What are NFT games? TOP 5 NFT games worth experiencing
NFT Game is probably a familiar name in the gaming industry as well as the cryptocurrency market. If you are a gamer, you must have experienced many interesting NFT games. But if you are new to this market, you probably still don’t fully understand...
Overcoming Offshore Development Challenges: Proven Solutions That Work
Offshore development solutions are a form of collaboration in which businesses work with overseas software engineering teams to build and operate technology products. Depending on their needs, companies can choose either a contract-based model or a lab-based model. Below are the solutions that BAP...
AI in Digital Transformation: Driving Innovation and Operational Optimization
1. About AI and Digital Transformation The modern technological age has ushered in a series of innovations, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Transformation prominently being the harbingers of change. These factors are not only redefining industries, but also redefining the way organizations operate,...
What is application software? Types of application software
As technology develops more and more, everyone comes across different types of software that help automate tasks and increase efficiency. In particular, the success of a business model also depends on choosing the right application software. So what is application software, and what types...
Blockchain & Authentication in Metaverse
Metaverse is the hottest keyword at the moment, especially after Facebook announced to change the company name to Meta and invest huge resources on developing an ecosystem that supports the Metaverse vision. So what can humans do on Metaverse and which technologies are needed...
Explore Prompt ChatGPT: Benefits, Rules and Syntax for Several Fields!
Are you looking for accurate information but feel overwhelmed by the huge amount of knowledge on the internet? ChatGPT Prompt is the perfect solution. Here is how to use ChatGPT Prompt to quickly and effectively access the information you need. 1/ What is ChatGPT...
Can Super AI Replace Humans? Future Scenarios Worth Considering
Super AI (ASI) is regarded as the ultimate destination in the development journey of AI. So, what happens when humans are no longer the most intelligent species on the planet? Is ASI a breakthrough or a looming threat? This article will help you better...
Offshore
What is Offshore Company? Top 10 reputable Offshore software development companies in Vietnam
The concept of globalization has motivated business owner to conduct business activities all over the world. Therefore, in the...
Overcoming Offshore Development Challenges: Proven Solutions That Work
Offshore development solutions are a form of collaboration in which businesses work with overseas software engineering teams to build...
Why Offshore Development Is The Best Method For Business
Offshore Software Development is the practice of outsourcing software development services to another country, typically one with lower labor...
Top 10 offshore development company in Vietnam
Vietnam is increasingly affirming its position as an ideal destination for offshore development services, thanks to competitive costs, high-quality...
Offshore software development rates by country
As a viable way to save costs and access talent, offshore software development has become more popular in recent...
Understanding about Salesforce Campaign Features
Salesforce Campaign is an interesting feature that supports business so much in various activities including Marketing and Sales for...
Cannon Blast
At the same time when we released Little Furry, Cannon Blast was also published on our App Store with the design of shooting music games. It is a battle between the guard with a strong army of pirates. With Cannon Blast, it is not...
SMART ANIME
Artificial intelligence automatically creates character illustration images. BAP is always able to develop similar systems...
Monster Masters
Monster Master is an action shooting game with the 3D art style and impressive colors. With simple control and satisfying shooting effects, we aim to bring a perfect game design for every age to find funny relaxing moments. Monster Master is developed with Unity...
Block’n Strike
Block ‘n Strike comes from an idea of creating something for office staff to release pressure. We build the castles with blocks and give the player a gun with limited bullets to shoot as a way to release anger, pressure, trouble, and anything make...
2000MAN – Car Reservation and Sales Management System
Overview The 2000MAN project developed a car reservation and sales management system with two subsystems: SalesSupport for handling reservations and sales, and XMAP for managing warehouse operations, branches, and order statuses—streamlining dealership operations. Testing Scope UI Testing: Verified UI elements on web and mobile...
COSY APP
Challenges: It is hard to develop a chat message app for business alone, basically because there are a lot of chatting apps on the market now. And businesses must understand how to create the different features from their own app to attract users. Here...
案件予算管理システム開発
概要 Outsystemsを使用して、案件予算管理システムを開発しする。ユーザーは案件情報を登録して、マネージャーは承認したり、データを編集/削除したりできる。リアルタイムで管理できるし、要件定義からリリースするまでの短期間で開発できました。 技術 Outsystems Webプラットフォームを使用して開発 Outsystemウィジェット、CSS、JSを使ってフォームを作成 ツール： Outsystem Services Studio、 Outsystems Integration Studio、 BDDフレームワーク（単体テスト、C0&C1） Discovery, OutDoc, Clean Architecture. 案件情報 画面数：59 期間：9ヶ月 （2021年7月～） 作業範囲：基本設計～結合テスト チームサイズ：11～25人 プラットフォーム： OutSystems platform...
Shopping Mall / EC Site
Challenge: Trust is alway the most concerning thing for sellers and buyers when they about selling and buying items on any shopping mall platform. Building a shopping mall platform to provide the service like that for sellers and buyers will require a lot of...
Streamlining Manpower Management for SMEs
As an IT consulting company specializing in digital transformation solutions, we embarked on a mission to tackle the challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manpower industry. Our aim was to alleviate common pain points and elevate operational efficiency through the...
Kick It Edm
Kick It EDM is definitely a mobile game for football fans. The combination of music and football is an essential part of every football championship. It happens in Kick It EDM. Playing football follows the rhythm of the legend football songs! Why not? Kick...
Machine upgrade history management system development
Overview The client had been managing numerous versions of machine hardware and software using Excel files. They wanted to systemize this process and enable integration with other internal systems. To address this issue, they decided to develop a Machine Upgrade History Management System using...
MetaverseLand – Virtual Space
Challenges: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of unemployed people, many of whom have turned to a form of earning virtual currency by playing online games. It is slowly becoming a worldwide “fever” because of the ability to earn real money in the virtual...
Transforming Korean Logistics: Innovating for Enhanced Efficiency
1. Overview In a competitive market, the efficiency of a delivery system can be the key differentiator. This business case outlines a strategic initiative to build a revolutionary delivery system that connects seamlessly, eliminates bottlenecks, and optimizes routes through the integration of small transit...
NFT MARKETPLACE
Challenge: Customer who have big connection with anime publishers in Japan. They really want to build, What can BAP provide? Solution: BAP blockchain engineer built very quickly a NFT market place. User can connect metamask to buy, sell famous anime pictures. We also built...
BAP successfully implemented the Fansite social network solution for content creators.
Overview The Fansite project developed a social platform for content creators to connect with followers. It provides a secure space for sharing images, videos, and engaging with followers through comments, reactions, live chat, and gifting. This enhances user interaction and allows creators to monetize...
DeFi Warrior – a play2earn NFT game
Challenge: NFT game is a game where assets like characters, items, currencies… are NFT assets. It means that all assets have value, and players can buy or sell them by cryptocurrencies at market value to earn money. Main features and fun of NFT games:...
Game Smart Rock-Scissor-Paper
Smart-contract-based on Rock-Paper-Scissor game which runs on Ethereum Blockchain...
Automating Fraud Detection in Financial Transactions with AI
🎯 Goal: Detect fraudulent transactions in real-time using user behavior patterns and historical data. 📦 Solution: Real-time Monitoring + Anomaly Detection + Alert System ⚙️ Technology: Kafka, PyTorch, Isolation Forest, Scikit-learn 📈 Result: 35% earlier fraud detection, preventing billions in losses per quarter ⏱️...
Shared Truck
Challenge: “Sharing economy” is a big keyword in recent period. There are many services that do well in this section such as Uber / Grab for private car sharing, Airbnb for space sharing, Uber Eat / Now Delivery / Grab Food for food delivery....
VR Training App
Challenge: Almost all business have training program for new employees, but they have the following issues; High cost: Transportation and accommodation costs are required for new employees to gather. High turnover rate: There is a large difference between what new employees think before being...
Operation and maintenance support for an electronics manufacturing company
Project descriptions: SAP operation and maintenance support for a consumer electronics manufacturing company manufacturer Role: Business analysis, specification changes, system customization, basic design, and integration testing MM add-on development Period 2020/7 – 2021/7 Team size 10 Environment SAP S4 HANA...
Bluelink – Smart Waste Management Solution
Challenges: Japan is known as a country that does not throw away garbage. Garbage separation is strict, and garbage collection times are fixed. However, the amount of domestic garbage is also large, and it sometimes interferes with the collection and disposal of garbage....
Spaced Repetition
Problem: Spaced Repetition Recommend vocabulary and vocabulary repetition intervals for each user. Input: Vocabulary, User’s info Output: Spaced repetition schedule In this problem,we need personalization. Solution: For this problem, we use the Leitner system and Half-life Regression (HLR) for spaced repetition...
Convert Cobol To Java
Challenges: COBOL is an old language that has existed for more than 40 years, but this is still used in many systems of business today, especially in banking and car industries. Systems have been formed since the 2000s in older platforms such as the...
Legacy System Migration: Order & Inventory Management
Overview Many enterprises are still operating on legacy systems such as COBOL, NEC A-VX, and AS/400, which are costly to maintain, difficult to scale, and lack integration capabilities with modern technologies. BAP’s Migration Service helps businesses transform outdated systems into modern platforms, ensuring stability,...
Smart OCR
Challenges: Knowledge is humanity’s greatest asset. Books are invented to keep the knowledge is well-shared from generation to generation. However, in the digital transformation age, we need to transfer the data from books to digital databases. If you are looking for a method to...
Birds Bomb
Bird Bomb is designed and developed to bring an absolutely relaxation mobile game with fun gameplay. Getting more hilarious emojis by letting birds pooping on humans. It is a good way to release pressure from work and find inspiration effectively. The game is in...
NFT Marketplace
Challenge: NFT marketplaces are platforms where NFTs can be stored, displayed, traded, or even be-ing minted (created). It’s similar to what ecom platforms like Amazon, eBay do for real goods. The digital assets have had significant dominance over the NFT marketplace and now many...
B2B Metaverse Platform (Metaverse-as-a-service)
1. Overview Metaverse – a realm where you can turn fundamental ideas into immersive experiences, elevating your brand’s narrative to new heights of uniqueness. Building on that idea, the concept of Metaverse-as-a-service emerges as the solution for businesses to enhance every aspect of their...
Consultant Application
Challenge: The information and data on the internet are huge and it seems to be easy to find the correct answer for any question but in reality, it’s not. People can feel lost or confused because there is too much information and it’s uncertain...
Technology
Learn about the modules involved in SAP S4/HANA migration
SAP system is the system used by a lot of enterprises in the current business process. In the process...
Hybrid Software Development Company Integrating AI and Traditional Technology
While many businesses still hesitate between developing traditional software or adopting AI technologies, an optimal path is emerging: Hybrid...
Salesforce’s leading products that users need to know
Salesforce is a name that is no longer strange in the software development world. But for users, organizations, and...
Top 10 outstanding blockchain projects in 2023
Up to the present time, there is no denying the heat and strong application of blockchain globally. The impact...
Logistics 4.0: Revolutionize Supply Chain Management with AI
Logistics 4.0 is revolutionizing the way we manage supply chains, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a key role in...
Digitalizing Assets with Blockchain – A Breakthrough Solution for the Future of Businesses
In the era of Industry 4.0, asset digitalization has emerged as a strategic solution for businesses and investors to...
What Businesses Need To Know About SAP Cloud
SAP Cloud Platform is a cloud computing platform (PaaS) developed by SAP, enabling businesses to flexibly expand, integrate, and build applications on their ERP systems. In the era of rapid digital transformation, this platform has become a top choice for optimizing operations and accelerating...
Future Blockchain and the world’s changes
Future Blockchain will become the core infrastructure for global digital transactions, replacing intermediaries with a transparent and secure decentralized system. It will redefine finance, contracts, voting, and personal data while accelerating the “Everything-as-a-Service” (XaaS) trend in the digital era. 1. How does the future...
Learn about the modules involved in SAP S4/HANA migration
SAP system is the system used by a lot of enterprises in the current business process. In the process of using the SAP system, it is indispensable for the modules and the SAP S/4HANA migration process to serve the business process. So what is...
Cyber Security – A concern in the 4.0 era and great job opportunities!
The ubiquity of the Internet and associated services creates several possibilities for companies and people. However, it does raise worries about cyber security dangers. The particular material below will give a wealth of important information, allowing readers to get a more in-depth view. 1....
What is the Waterfall software model? The development sequence of the Waterfall model?
The Waterfall software model was first introduced in 1970 by Winston Royce. The Waterfall model consists of simple and separate stages, so Waterfall used to be very popular. In spite of the fact that this model has been replaced by others, it still follows...
Can Super AI Replace Humans? Future Scenarios Worth Considering
Super AI (ASI) is regarded as the ultimate destination in the development journey of AI. So, what happens when humans are no longer the most intelligent species on the planet? Is ASI a breakthrough or a looming threat? This article will help you better...
IoT: Advanced technology in the 4.0 era revolution
Leading the technology race in the current 4.0 era is IoT or Internet of Things. This definition is gradually becoming familiar in life and business, it is widely applied and its benefits have been clearly demonstrated. In the article below, the author will provide...
Building multipleplayer mobile games are easy?
Multiplayer mobile games are games on smartphones that allow multiple players to join at the same time (real-time) or in turns (turn-based) over a network. These games enable players to interact, collaborate, or compete with each other, instead of playing alone. To operate smoothly,...
Salesforce Developer – A New Career Future in 2024
A Salesforce Developer is, in short, a person who works with Salesforce. Salesforce Developers utilize the Salesforce platform; it does not indicate that they are employed by Salesforce. Salesforce provides SaaS and PaaS platforms, so you may work with any kind of business, including...
What is Cross-platform Development? Why do businesses need to develop cross-platform applications?
Along with the development of information technology and mobile devices, the development of multi-platform software is gradually becoming necessary for us. Not only is it compatible with many operating systems, but Cross-platform Development also provides a great user experience. To get an overview of...
Overview of blockchain technology that you need to know
Blockchain is a buzzword that seems to pop up on a lot of topics about the future of technology. While the applications for this technology seem endless, not many people are entirely sure what blockchain is. In this article, we will introduce an overview...
Digital Twin Implementation Services – Practical Case Studies from BAP Software
Digital Twin technology is becoming a strategic tool that enables businesses to simulate, monitor, and optimize operational processes in real time. However, successfully implementing a Digital Twin requires more than just technology—it demands deep industry expertise and strong system integration capabilities. This article will...
VPN – 仮想プライベートネットワーク
Sorry, this entry is only available in 日本語. VPN【 Virtual Private Network】 仮想プライベートネットワーク VPN とは、通信事業者の公衆回線を経由して構築された仮想的な組織内ネットワークまたはそのようなネットワークを構築できる通信サービスを指します。 古くは電話回線で用いられていたいたもので、全国に拠点を持つ大企業の内線電話などを公衆網を中継して接続するサービスでした。 その後、VPNは一般的に企業内ネットワークの拠点間接続などに使われ、自社ネットワーク内部の通信と区別がつかないレベルで遠隔地の拠点との通信が行えるようになってきました。 VPNを用いることで、安全な通信ルートを確保した上で重要な情報をやり取りでき、悪意ある外部アクセス者から情報を守ることができるようになります。 活用例としては、空港や駅、商業施設などで使われている無料Wi-Fiサービス上での通信をVPNを用いて暗号化することで通信内容を盗み見られるリスクを避けることができます。 VPN の実装 以前は各拠点間に専用線を入れて直接通信していたケースが見られましたが、近年ではキャリアのバックボーンを利用することでコストを抑えた拠点間接続が可能です。 もちろんバックボーン内では多くの企業のデータが混在することになりますが、データは認証や暗号化によって保護されており、漏洩、盗聴などの危険性は低くなります。 バックボーンにインターネットを利用する「インターネットVPN」も作られており、通常のVPNサービスよりもさらにコストを抑えて利用が可能となっていますが、セキュリティや通信品質の確保はキャリアの通信網を利用するよりもやや難しくなっています。 ブロックチェーンが知られるようになってからは、VPNのブロックチェーン化プロジェクトも発足しています。 一例として、Mysteriumがあり、余分な帯域幅をネットワークに共有するユーザーへの報酬としてデジタル通貨を獲得できるように設計しています。...
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): When AI reaches human-level thinking.
While Narrow AI has become common in everyday life, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) represents the pinnacle that the tech world is striving to achieve. AGI refers to machines that not only perform programmed tasks but also possess the ability to think, learn, and adapt...
Introducing BAP Office and Software Development in Ho Chi Minh City
1/ Overview of the software development in Ho Chi Minh City When mentioning Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), people often immediately think of the key economic center of the country, a place of constant innovation and development. In that overall picture, the software development...
What is Big Data Analytics? Why is it important?
Big Data is one of the most popular words in the IT industry today. In the digital era, Big Data is a great asset that a business can own. But this data cannot be processed, stored and analyzed using traditional tools. So, in this...
タイムスタンプ 【Timestamp】
Sorry, this entry is only available in 日本語. タイムスタンプ （timestamp）はあるイベントが記録された日時・日付・時刻などを記録し、記録が存在していることと改竄されていないことを証明するシステムを指します。 電子署名などで用いられているRFC3161 Time stamp protocolではPKIを利用しており、時刻認証局(TSA:Time-Stamping Authority)がハッシュ値に時刻情報を偽造できないようにして結合したタイムスタンプ(正確にはタイムスタンプトークンと呼びます)を利用者に送付しています。 記録を僅かでも更新した場合、変化したハッシュ値のみがTSAに提示されるので利用者は記録内容を知られずにタイムスタンプを取得できます。 タイムスタンプでの管理が必要なデータは通常、一貫性のある書式で記録されているので異なる記録の比較を簡単に行うことができます。 加えて、時間の経過に伴って変化するイベントの進行状況の追跡が可能となります。 タイムスタンプは一般にイベントの記録作成や時系列（”sequence of events”, SOE）の評価を行うために使用されます。 どちらのケースでも、タイムスタンプはイベント記録を認識するタグのように使われます。 ビットコインのブロックチェーンの例では、各トランザクションやブロックの生成時刻が電子署名と同様の方法でタイムスタンプを用いて管理されています。 多くのOSのファイルシステムではファイルの作成日時（UNIXやUnix系OSではctimeと呼ばれます）、更新日時（mtime）、アクセス日時（atime）がタイムスタンプとして記録されます。 UNIXにおけるstatなどではこれらのデータがシステムコールで取り出すことができます。 タイムスタンプ システムの課題 仮に一貫性のある記録をタイムスタンプとともに作成しても、後から改竄されてしまうと信頼性がなくなってしまいます。 特に、不特定多数からのアクセスが可能な記録は容易に改竄できてしまうため、タイムスタンプを含むデータログの保管システムやサーバには高度なセキュリティが施す必要があります。 タイムスタンプ の例（Wikipediaより引用） 2005-10-30 T 10:45 UTC 2007-11-09 T 11:20 UTC Sat Jul 23 02:16:57 2005...
QA Tester – Questions and answers for job opportunities are becoming a trend.
A QA Tester is responsible for meticulously testing and evaluating software applications to identify issues, defects, or potential inconsistencies that may affect the end user’s experience. Additionally, QA Testers work closely with software developers, project managers, and other stakeholders throughout the development lifecycle. A...
What Is Packaged ERP? The Key to Cutting Costs and Boosting Efficiency!
What is ERP package? This is the question that many businesses ask when they have the intention to build an internal ERP package system. In this article, we will explain for you from the basic concept to the warnings when you want to develop...
All about Authentication vs Authorization in software development
Nowadays, software development is becoming increasingly complex and there are many information security threats. Keeping up with that trend, the Authentication vs Authorization mechanism was born to solve this problem, helping to improve the security of the software. 1. What is authentication? Some popular...
GenAI Solutions for Businesses: Efficiency and Safety
In the age of modern technology, GenAI or generative AI stands out as one of the most trendy technologies. From enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of current AI systems to providing fresh prospects for the creative industry, Generative AI is generating a buzz. 1....
![[For Beginners] What is Salesforce?](https://cdn.bap-software.net/2019/09/salesforce.jpg)
[For Beginners] What is Salesforce?
In recent years, the IT industry has seen a shift from servers to the cloud, making cloud adoption an inevitable choice for businesses. Among various cloud platforms, Salesforce boasts the No.1 market share in sales and customer service cloud applications worldwide. In this article,...
What is MVC model? The basic knowledge for developers.
When it comes to programming websites, you cannot skip the MVC model. Why is it important? And how it helps you? The below article will explain more about MVC model, and you can have sustainable knowledge in the future. 1. What is MVC model?...
What is Digital Transformation? Technology, Solution, Future For Business From Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is the process of applying technology to all aspects of a business to enhance efficiency, accelerate innovation, and gain competitive advantage. In the digital economy, it is not just a trend but a vital key to survival—helping businesses adapt, grow sustainably, and...
What is Blockchain? How does Blockchain work?
The idea of blockchain has been around since the 90s. However, it was first introduced in 2008 as the distributed ledger behind bitcoin transactions. As blockchain continues to grow stronger and become more popular with users, have you ever wondered “How does blockchain work?”....
Adaptive Learning System – Personalized Learning Experience with AI Technology
Are you looking for an intelligent training solution that personalizes learning pathways for each learner, optimizes time, and enhances performance? Adaptive Learning is the key to transforming education in the digital era! 1. Introduction to Adaptive Learning What is Adaptive Learning? Adaptive Learning is...
Introduction to BAP Office and Software Development in Hue
1. Overview of the Software development in Hue The Information Technology (IT) industry in Hue is becoming one of the key economic sectors of Thua Thien Hue province. Regarding achievements, software development in Hue has reaped a local revenue of more than 10,000 billion...
Top 6 Cybersecurity practices you should know in 2025
Cybersecurity is a set of measures, technologies, and processes designed to protect computer systems, networks, and data from attacks, unauthorized access, damage, or information theft. 1. Introducing the importance of cybersecurity today In an increasingly connected world, cybersecurity has become the foundation of our...
What is the software development model? How to choose the right software development model?
The software development life cycle is the process of planning, designing, developing, and implementing high-quality software at the lowest cost. To achieve this goal, developers need to use models to create software to match customer requirements. In today’s technology world, there are a variety...
Top 7 Criteria for Evaluating and Choosing a Trusted SaaS Provider
As businesses increasingly move toward digital-first models, SaaS (Software as a Service) has emerged as a popular choice thanks to its flexibility, cost-efficiency, and scalability. However, selecting the right SaaS provider is far from simple. This article outlines the most important evaluation criteria and...
AI-Powered Personalised Treatment Plans Based on Genetic Data
Traditional “one-size-fits-all” treatment protocols are often ineffective, leading to adverse side effects and significant waste due to their lack of individualisation. With cutting-edge AI technology in precision medicine, we offer a solution that personalises therapy based on genetic data — maximising treatment efficacy while...
Fill Me Color
Fill Me Color! is an exciting painting puzzle game that is available on Appstore, we are publishing on Google Play soon. This is a 3D art style game that is developed with Unity engine with amazing features so that players can experience interestedly and...
Dynamic AI Production Planning: Adapting to Market Volatility with Agility
In today’s fast-moving manufacturing environment, order fluctuations and market shifts are constant challenges—causing disruptions to production schedules, delivery delays, and resource inefficiencies. Our dynamic AI-powered production planning solution enables your business not only to respond swiftly but to thrive amid volatility, supporting your transition...
Automating Fraud Detection in Financial Transactions with AI
🎯 Goal: Detect fraudulent transactions in real-time using user behavior patterns and historical data. 📦 Solution: Real-time Monitoring + Anomaly Detection + Alert System ⚙️ Technology: Kafka, PyTorch, Isolation Forest, Scikit-learn 📈 Result: 35% earlier fraud detection, preventing billions in losses per quarter ⏱️...
Bomber Man 3D
Bomber Man is a new ball shooting game that will give you the most relaxing moment when staying home or after working. There are main features of this game that attract your attention: It is really easy to control by holding and releasing in...
Live Dreamer
Challenges: Developing a Live Stream platform is not easy, because you must create the difference amongst competitors on the market. Don’t worry about that, BAP can help your business do it from the beginning to the final output with high quality, because we have...
Medical Image Analysis
OVERVIEW – Procedures such as detecting tumors, artery stenosis, organ delineation employ various different methods and frameworks like MapReduce to find optimal parameters for tasks like lung texture classification. – It applies machine learning methods, support vector machines (SVM), content-based medical image indexing, and...
Trip Conductor
Challenges: Travelling sector is developing more and more, but there are no many businesses which build successful travelling platforms to serve this demand. Because they cannot find the right partner to do it, or they lack features to attract end-users to use. Here BAP...
Locksmith 3D
LOCKMITH 3D is an easy game, when you just create as many keys as you can unlock amazing things from customers’ challenges. There are some main features of this game that you want to explore: You can be satisfied with the sharing feeling from...
Solana Blockchain Game Solution with NFT & Livestreaming
Overview The client from Japan requested the development of a mobile game on the Solana blockchain platform, where in-game characters and assets would be created as NFTs. These assets can be traded on Solana-supported marketplaces. The game is not only for entertainment but also...
Metal Heroes
Metal Heroes is a mobile game that is developed on the Unity engine. It illustrates the playstation control with fierce battles and different types of guns, endless combats, and ferocious bosses. Bright colors themes and impressive character graphics make it become a featured game...
AI-based Car Attribute Detection via Interior/Exterior Image Classification
The Challenge In automotive inspection, valuation, and listing services, there’s a growing demand to automatically classify interior vs. exterior images and extract recognizable car attributes (body style, color, seat materials, etc.) without human labor. Our AI Solution BAP developed a scalable and highly accurate...
Improve your Recruitment Operations
Challenge: The number of applications is increasing, but the number of hires is not. The company wants to automate as much of the process as possible. Solution: Implement Salesforce’s Marketing Cloud, SFA, and CRM Results: Catching applicant data within 5 minutes of application, and...
Shopping Mall / EC Site
Challenge: Trust is alway the most concerning thing for sellers and buyers when they about selling and buying items on any shopping mall platform. Building a shopping mall platform to provide the service like that for sellers and buyers will require a lot of...
Streamlining Manpower Management for SMEs
As an IT consulting company specializing in digital transformation solutions, we embarked on a mission to tackle the challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manpower industry. Our aim was to alleviate common pain points and elevate operational efficiency through the...
Shared Truck
Challenge: “Sharing economy” is a big keyword in recent period. There are many services that do well in this section such as Uber / Grab for private car sharing, Airbnb for space sharing, Uber Eat / Now Delivery / Grab Food for food delivery....
THE METAVERSE ERA
Metaverse games are online games that take place in virtual worlds built on blockchain technology. As the concept of the metaverse gains traction, game developers face unique challenges. Challenges: To ensure that users can play smoothly and conveniently Monetization: Use innovative ways to generate...
Developing a High-Performance Crypto Exchange Platform for a Swiss Client
Overview The client is a Swiss-based company aiming to develop a crypto exchange platform that ensures top-level security for users and delivers high-speed transaction processing. Their goal was to build a platform that supports multiple cryptocurrencies and enables transactions with absolute accuracy. Challenges The...
Speaker recognition and speaker verification
Problem: Speaker recognition: is the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking by using the speaker-specific information included in speech waves to verify identities being claimed by people accessing systems; that is, it enables access control of various services by voice. Speaker verification (also...
Pitch The Disc
Are you ready for the most exciting and fierce disc battle ever? Let’s show off your deadly accuracy and take the aim at the enemies with Pitch The Disc. This game will make you comfortable, and relax much. The outstanding features of the app:...
Food Delivery
Challenges: 課題: 美味しいごはんが自宅に届く便利なデリバリーサービスをお持ちでないですか？仕事や趣味、家族のケアで多忙な人々を中心に、自宅で食事を楽しみたいエンドユーザーのニーズは急速に上昇しています。しかし、多くのレストランはコスト面で専用のデリバリーサービスを持つ余裕がありません。 同時に、空いた時間に近くの場所で配達員として働いてお金を稼ぎたいと思っている人々がいます。飲食店へオーダーしたいエンドユーザー、売上を伸ばしたい飲食店オーナー、空いた時間にお金を稼ぎたい人々に役立つプラットフォームの構築を検討している場合、弊社はいつでも手伝うことができます。 Solution: ソリューション: フードデリバリーアプリケーションはBAPが研究開発できるパーフェクトなソリューションです。エンドユーザー、飲食店オーナー、配達員、管理者の各グループに４つの機能を提供します。 飲食店オーナーはメニューとお店の位置を登録し、アプリケーションを介してエンドユーザーからのオーダーと、配達員の位置情報を受け取ります。 エンドユーザーはフードをオーダーし、受取り場所を登録し、アプリケーションを介して支払いを済ませます。配達員の現在地などデリバリーの過程を監視することができます。 配達員はスマホ等で情報の登録をし、システムにある配達タスクを受け取ります。その後、飲食店に向かい、フードを回収してエンドユーザーに届けます。 管理者は飲食店と配達員の登録を管理し、エンドユーザーからの支払いを受取り、手数料を差し引いて飲食店と配達員に料金を支払うことができます。また、サービスフロー中の予期せぬ問題をサポートしたり、売上を伸ばすための期間限定キャンペーンを開催したりできます。 その他多くの機能がありますが、主要なものだけ紹介しました。上記のワークフローを支えるのは大きなシステムです。AI、ビッグデータ、GPS、マップなどの多くの新しいテクノロジーが実装されており、私たちが研究開発したこのシステムに自信があります。また、お客様からの要件を収集し、あらゆるビジネスニーズに対応するシステムを構築していきます。詳細を知りたい方は、sales@bap.jpにメッセージを送ってみてください。 Client クライアント BAP IT 開発型 Lab 開発言語 React native MySQL AWS 製品 Web, IOS, Android 開発社 BAP Software ...
Human Resources Management System: A Revolutionary Approach
1. Overview In the wake of rapid technological advances and digital transformation, enterprises are being urged to redefine corporate governance. Amidst this evolution, human resources and personnel management stand as pivotal factors, profoundly influencing business development. 2. Challenges It is challenging for enterprises to...
Top Students
Challenges: You can not build a system or provide a service if you don’t understand the needs of the customers. But understanding is not the necessary condition, you have to provide a proper solution to the problem. TOP STUDENT is a website that...
KorAir – Comprehensive Employee and Access Management Solution
Overview The KorAir project is an integrated system for managing employee data, access control, and devices. It tracks activities like entry and exit and secures access to facilities (e.g., doors, elevators). The solution includes a web portal for administration, a mobile app for on-the-go...
Screw Factory
Screw Factory is a 3D game built on Unity engine with an impressive interface. We offer huge art assets with different objects in different styles for players to experience interestedly. The game is inspired by the real objects around us, it simulates the actions...
Convert Cobol To Java
Challenges: COBOL is an old language that has existed for more than 40 years, but this is still used in many systems of business today, especially in banking and car industries. Systems have been formed since the 2000s in older platforms such as the...
NFT MARKETPLACE
Challenge: Customer who have big connection with anime publishers in Japan. They really want to build, What can BAP provide? Solution: BAP blockchain engineer built very quickly a NFT market place. User can connect metamask to buy, sell famous anime pictures. We also built...
HR Agent AI – Recruitment Automation with AI Agent
Challenges During the recruitment process, a major HR company faced several issues: Complex and manual recruitment process: Steps such as receiving recruitment requests, creating job descriptions (JDs), screening resumes, and scheduling interviews were all handled manually, resulting in time-consuming operations and frequent errors. High...
Power Management System
Overview The power management solution was developed to optimize the entire process of electricity transactions and management in Japan. The system not only meets the diverse needs of major power companies but also supports small-scale retailers, helping improve customer management efficiency and ensuring transparency...
Developing an AI-powered Contract Review Tool
Overview The client aimed to build the No.1 AI-powered contract review platform in the market, enabling risk analysis and providing insights to help lawyers make faster and higher-quality decisions. However, they faced limitations in internal development resources and lacked prior experience working with offshore...
Game outsourcing services developed by BAP Software that you cannot ignore
Game outsourcing services are gradually becoming popular in recent times because the needs of businesses are increasing. Not only that, but the increase in the number of startups in the game service industry is also a factor that makes Game outsourcing services play a...
What is an Offshore Development Center? Summary of basic knowledge for businesses
In today’s digital age, Offshore Development Center is becoming a more and more popular choice for software development solutions thanks to its cost-effectiveness and good accessibility to technology professionals. So what is an Offshore Development Center? What benefits does it bring and what risks...
Overcoming Offshore Development Challenges: Proven Solutions That Work
Offshore development solutions are a form of collaboration in which businesses work with overseas software engineering teams to build and operate technology products. Depending on their needs, companies can choose either a contract-based model or a lab-based model. Below are the solutions that BAP...
Top 10 offshore development company in Vietnam
Vietnam is increasingly affirming its position as an ideal destination for offshore development services, thanks to competitive costs, high-quality human resources, and flexible delivery capabilities. In this article, let’s take a look at the Top 10 leading offshore software development companies in Vietnam as...
What Businesses Need To Know About SAP Cloud
SAP Cloud Platform is a cloud computing platform (PaaS) developed by SAP, enabling businesses to flexibly expand, integrate, and build applications on their ERP systems. In the era of rapid digital transformation, this platform has become a top choice for optimizing operations and accelerating...
Software Quality Issues – BAP Software
Software quality is one of the most important issues in offshore development. We’d like to consider the difference in thinking about software quality, which is one of the causes of software quality. Offshore development between Japan and Vietnam, countries with different nationalities, so it...
オフショアを始める前にやっておきたいこと
Sorry, this entry is only available in 日本語. 1. オフショアに関する意識調査結果から 少し古くなりますが、IPAの調査データに次のようなものがあります。IPA (Information technology Promotion Agency) がオフショアに関してIT企業に出したアンケートの結果です。調査Aでは、70％以上が「現在より拡大したい」と言っており、調査Bでは、「70％以上が予定なし」と答えています。 まったく相反するような結果が出ていますが、実はこれ、調査Aは既にオフショアを実施している企業からの回答であり、調査Bは過去に一度もオフショアを実施したことがない企業からの回答なのです。 一概には言えませんが、オフショアで開発を経験した企業はそのメリットを享受し、さらに利益を求めて拡大へと向かい、経験したことがない企業は、実感としてメリットを捉えることができないためにさらにオフショア実施に対して消極的になってしまっているという構図がうかがえます。 2. オフショアを始める前に何をする必要があるか？ このように経験したことがない企業が、オフショアを検討し始める際には当然のごとく不安が付きまとうことになります。また、何も考えずにオフショアを始めたのでは、過去の失敗事例同様の結末になりかねません。オフショアでの開発は、少なからずリスクが存在します。ここでは、リスクに対する不安を少しでも和らげるために、何をすれば良いかについて紹介します。オフショアを始める前には、最低でも次のことはやっておきましょう。 目的を明確にする 概要を理解する オフショアの事例を研究する オフショア先（国）候補を決める 2.1 目的を明確にする まず、オフショアの目的を明確にしておきましょう。目的により、オフショアの進め方、オフショア先が違ってきます。目的としては次のようなものが考えられます。 コスト削減 人件費の低い国での労働力を活用し、開発予算を抑えます 人材不足解消 日本国内での人材不足解消の手段を海外に求めます スキル導入 自社に技術スキルがなく、即時にそのスキルを導入したい場合に活用します 2.2 概要を理解する 次に、オフショアの契約形態とそのフォーメーションについて理解しておきましょう。大きく分けると受託開発型とラボ型の二つに分類することができます。 受託開発型 オフショア側に納品責任が有る、日本で一般的に採用されているものと同様の契約モデルです。事前に決められた仕様、期間、金額通りにシステムを納品することでプロジェクトが完了します。現地とブリッジSEを窓口にして開発を進めます。 ラボ型開発 同ーのオフショアチームを一定期間、一定予算で抱え込んで開発を進めるやり方です。お客様は、ブリッジSEを通して、或いは直接オフショア側のチームに指示を与えます。 3. オフショアの事例を研究する 目的がはっきりして、オフショアの概要を理解したら、次に他部門・他社のいろいろな事例について研究するとよいでしょう。先達が残してくれた事例は、失敗しないための貴重な財産になります。事例については、インターネットを検索しても、すぐにたくさんの成功事例、失敗事例を見つけることができます。その事例から、注意点やリスクを自分で読み取ることはとても役に立つでしょう。...
What Can The E-Learning System Helps Educational Businesses?
According to the latest report from IMARC Group, the global E-learning market reached USD 342.4 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow to USD 682.3 billion by 2033, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0% during the 2025–2033 period. However, many...
Top benefits of outsourcing bring to your business
Did you know that your business can get the great benefits of outsourcing if you start outsourcing now? Today, IT outsourcing companies have made outsourcing an effective approach to managing business activities. In this article, let’s find out the top benefits that outsourcing brings...
Things to consider first in smartphone application development
With the increasing number of smartphone users, the use of smartphone apps has become important in marketing strategies to attract customers, to increase sales, and increase awareness. Then, let us describe what smartphone application development beginners should keep in mind for successful smartphone application...
What is Java framework? And How it helps programmers
If you want to build a web or complicated web applications, this will waste the time when coding from the beginning to the end. So Java frameworks are the best solution to create web applications or software. In this article, BAP will introduce the...
SalesForce cloud for dummies
SalesForce cloud is no longer a stranger in the technology and business world, as cloud computing technology is gradually becoming popular with remarkable impacts, witnessing an unstoppable Salesforce cloud sign ups. With the mission of providing the most intensive, comprehensive solutions on management, sales...
What is offshore development? Benefits and solution not to fail
Offshore development is not only a trend but also a strategic approach to optimize resources and costs for technology companies. However, successful implementation requires experience, well-defined processes, and trust between partners. In this article, we aim to explain the trends, benefits, and challenges of...
![[E-learning System Comparison] – The Best 6 E-learning Platforms for Business To Use](https://cdn.bap-software.net/2020/05/e-learning-system-comparison.jpg)
[E-learning System Comparison] – The Best 6 E-learning Platforms for Business To Use
E-learning is a form of training that uses information technology to deliver knowledge anytime, anywhere. As businesses increasingly focus on digital transformation in internal training, choosing the right E-learning platform plays a key role. This article provides a comparative overview of popular platforms to...
Things the client should keep in mind when outsourcing development projects.
Custom development is the process of creating software tailored to a company’s specific needs. Unlike off-the-shelf solutions, it allows businesses to build systems that match their unique workflows, goals, and industry requirements—ensuring better performance and long-term efficiency. What is Custom Development? Custom software development...
Understanding about Salesforce Campaign Features
Salesforce Campaign is an interesting feature that supports business so much in various activities including Marketing and Sales for interacting with Leads, Prospects and customers. In this article, we will provide information about the Salesforce campaign for you to understand more. Let’s start. 1....
Difference between system engineer and IT consultant
An IT Consultant is an expert who utilizes information technology to solve business and management problems. Unlike a System Engineer — who focuses on designing and implementing systems — IT Consultants take on a more strategic role: analyzing issues, proposing suitable technology solutions, and...
How does an offshore company help you in coronavirus time?
While coronavirus is still breaking out in many Asian countries, it not only threatens human’s health but also the companies’ performance. There are still many companies in Japan applying the work-from-home method to keep their staff safe from the disease. However, it is, of...
What is Offshore Company? Top 10 reputable Offshore software development companies in Vietnam
The concept of globalization has motivated business owner to conduct business activities all over the world. Therefore, in the field of offshore software development, Vietnam is gradually rising to show its competitive position. If you are looking for a reputable Offshore company in Vietnam,...
The difference between Offshoring and Outsourcing that businesses need to know
Offshoring and Outsourcing are two tools of modern business today. Thousands of businesses around the globe are engaged in offshoring and outsourcing. This number is still increasing day by day. Even so, many people continue to use these two terms interchangeably without realizing the...
ダナンのIT産業が急成長した理由と今後の課題
Sorry, this entry is only available in 日本語. １． ダナンのIT産業が急成長した理由 ますます発展するベトナムのIT業界の中で、ダナンは特に注目を集めています。ひと昔前、日本企業によるダナンへの投資は、製造・加工業が中心でした。 しかし、10年程前からソフト開発や設計などのIT分野への投資が目立つようになり、2018年には投資件数の25％がIT分野という状況になりました。 このようにダナンのIT産業が注目を浴びるようになった理由は何でしょうか？理由は３つあります。 １-１．人件費が安い ダナンのIT産業が急成長した大きな理由は人件費の安さです。ベトナムはASEAN諸国の中でも人件費が安い国です。ダナンはホーチミン、ハノイに次ぐ第3の都市ですが、その人件費は20％以上も安いと言われています。 賃金（月額） ハノイ ホーチミン ダナン 法定最低賃金 156 156 138 ワーカー（一般工職） 181 193 158 エンジニア（中堅技術者） 346 349 226 単位USD/月（JETRO 2016） さらに、ダナンのIT業界の離職率はわずか8％であり、ハノイやホーチミンが20％であるのに比べて非常に低くなっています。 このように、人件費が安く離職率が低いダナンのIT産業はオフショア開発先として注目を集め、多くの日本企業がダナンへ進出しました。 １-２．国による優遇政策 2010年、ダナンはベトナム政府からIT特区に認定されました。海外のIT企業に対する優遇政策として、法人税免除、土地リース料免除などが適用されました。 このように、国をあげて企業誘致に力を入れたことにより、多くの日本IT企業がダナンへ進出しました。 １-３．若く優秀な人材 若く優秀な人材が多いことも、ダナンのIT産業の成長に貢献しているでしょう。ダナン市には大学と短大が25校あります。その中で、工科大学、IT教育大学、IT短大などITを専攻とする学部・学科があります。 また、IT分野だけではなく、オフショア開発に重要な日本語教育も充実しています。さらに、ベトナムではほとんどの大学でインターンシップが必須となっています。 インターン先でIT企業を志望する学生も多いため、企業にとっては一緒に働いた経験のある学生を雇うことができるというメリットがあります。このように、ダナンはITと言語の両方で、若く優秀な人材が多いと言えるでしょう。 2． ダナンのIT産業...
Offshore development unit price, market benchmark and more
Offshore development unit price is the first key factor in budget. In practice, the total budget is not a simple multiplication, such as “developing unit price per man-month”, as anyone with offshore experience knows. In order to make a project successful, there is the...
Onshore and Offshore: Which is the best choice for business?
Onshore and Offshore are not new terms in the business world. However, many people are still confused about choosing these two types. So what is the difference between an Onshore and Offshore company? Which type is the best choice for business? Let’s explore with...
What is Offshore outsourcing? Top 10 offshore outsourcing countries
Currently, more and more businesses see offshore outsourcing as a potential solution to reduce costs and streamline their operations. So what is Offshore Outsourcing? In this article, let’s learn the concept of offshore outsourcing as well as take a look at the top 10...
Basic understandings of web service development
Web Service is seen as a technology that brings a revolution to B2B (Business to Business) and B2C (Business to Customer) services. The basic value of Web service development is based on providing standard methods of access for composition systems and legacy systems. Software...
Offshore development in Da Nang
Da Nang has emerged as an ideal offshore destination with low costs, a stable workforce, and over 45,000 IT workers. The city contributes 70% of the software export revenue for the entire Central region. 1. Do you know Da Nang? Do you know Da...
Offshore software development rates by country
As a viable way to save costs and access talent, offshore software development has become more popular in recent years. But before choosing where to hire software developers, it is essential that you must understand the price differences in each country. In this article,...
What is Lean Startup? Success stories
Sorry, this entry is only available in 日本語 and Tiếng Việt. リーンスタート（lean start）とは、起業や新規事業などの立ち上げ（スタートアップ）が効率的に成功するためのマネジメント手法を指す言葉です。新規事業の立ち上げ時は人員や資金などのリソースが限られており、事業を安定して運営できるようになるまで非常にシビアなマネジメントが必要になります。システム開発に関しても同様で、開発費用や開発方法など、スタートアップの事業形態に即した方法を考える必要があります。この記事では、オフショア企業でのラボ型開発を活用することで、スタートアップが得られる大きなメリットについて知ることができます。 1. リーンスタートとは リーンスタートとは、アメリカの起業家エリック・リース氏が2008年に提唱した、起業や新規事業などの立ち上げ（スタートアップ）のためのマネジメント手法のことです。 リーンスタートは、事業家の思い込みで顧客にとって無価値な製品やサービスを開発してしまうことに伴う、時間、労力、資源、情熱のムダをなくすための方法論であり、最低限のコストと短いサイクルで仮説の構築と検証を繰り返しながら、市場やユーザーのニーズを探り当てていくのが特徴です。 2. 有名なリーンスタート成功事例 リーンスタートの成功事例として、代表的なものを２つ挙げます。 2.1．Instagram リーンスタートアップ事例中で最も有名なのが、Instagramです。 2010年10月6日にアップルのApp Storeに登場して以来、凄まじいスピードで多くのユーザーを虜にし、2020年3月現在、世界のインスタユーザーは10億人超えています。 日本でも2014年2月に日本語アカウントが開設され、月間アクティブユーザー数は、2015年6月に810万人、2016年3月に1200万人、同年12月に1600万人、2017年10月に2000万人を記録と、「インスタ映え」という言葉が流行語になるほど、その人気は凄まじいものです Instagramですが、もともとは「Burbn」という位置情報アプリとしてスタートしました。 しかし、一度リリースしたものの、思った以上に人気が出なかったことから、アイディアの構築・計測・学習を繰り返し、「写真の共有機能が最も人気」ということを見つけ出しました。 その結果、Burbnは写真投稿をメインにしたSNSに方向転換し、写真投稿・コメント・いいねの3機能を含んだ「Instagram」というサービスに昇華させました。 その後も、仮説検証を進め、アイディアの構築・計測・学習を進めていき、写真のエフェクトやストーリー、ショッピングなど、さまざまな機能の追加を行い、現在も変化を遂げています。 2.2．食べログ カカクコムグループが運営するグルメサイト「食べログ」は、日本企業におけるリーンスタートの代表的事例と言われています。2005年3月からサービスを開始し、レストランのユーザーによる5段階評価が掲載されるサイトを構築しました。 当初はグルメ本の情報をもとにした手打ちのデータベースで、担当者曰く、考えているものの30%しか実現に至らなかったとのことです。はじめはユーザー数が数十人程度だった食べログも、ユーザーの改善要望に可能な限り対応し、現在のシステムへ改善していきました。 その結果、現在は月間PV数が20億以上、月間利用者数は1億5万人以上となっています。リーンスタートの実践をきっかけに、右肩上がりの売上を誇るサービスに成長しています。 3. BAPの成功事例 3.1 ．動画編集・投稿型SNS『ジモフル』ー株式会社ジモフル様ご提供サービス https://jimoful.com/ ユーザーがカメラで撮影した動画や写真をアップロードし、システム上で動画作成・編集・投稿が可能です。他ユーザーからの動画の評価に応じて換金可能なアイテムを取得できます。 3.2．LIVE配信アプリ 『LIVE DREAMER』ーDreamer株式会社様ご提供サービス https://live-dreamer.com/ 誰でもアーティストやパフォーマーになって、動画やLIVEの配信が可能なアプリです。リスナーはLIVE配信中に課金アイテムを用いて投げ銭をすることができます。...
Why Offshore Development Is The Best Method For Business
Offshore Software Development is the practice of outsourcing software development services to another country, typically one with lower labor costs and an abundant IT workforce. Businesses adopt this model to reduce expenses, scale operations quickly, and gain access to highly skilled engineers without the...
Why choose lab-type offshore development?
Lab-type offshore development is a collaboration model in which a company hires a fixed team of software engineers abroad (e.g., in Vietnam) to work full-time over a long-term period with a fixed budget. This model allows the company to operate as if it has...
